فصْلٌ (Section) – الْـحَيْضُ (The Blood of Menstruation) and فصْلٌ (Section) – النَّفَاسُ (The Blood of Parturition [Childbirth]) from Matn al ʿIzziyah

فصْلٌ (Section) – الْـحَيْضُ (The Blood of Menstruation)

 الْـحَيْضُ (The blood of menstruation) ‮ ‬هُـوَ‮ ‬الدَّمُ‮ ‬الْـخَارِجُ‮ ‬بنَفْسِهِ(is the [natural] blood flow in itself) مِنْ‮ ‬قُبُلِ‮ ‬مَنْ‮ ‬تَـحْمِلُ (from the woman who is able to become pregnant). عَادَةٌ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬مُدَّةِ‮ ‬خَمْسَةَ‮ ‬عَشَرَ‮ ‬يَـوْمًـا (It can last up to fifteen days) فَدُونَهَا إِلَى سَاعَةٍ‮ ‬ (or as little as an hour) مِنْ‮ ‬غَيْرِ‮ ‬وِلاَدَةٍ‮ ‬([as long as] it is not caused by childbirth) وَلاَ‮ ‬مَـرْضٍ (or illness). فَأَقَلُّهُ (The minimum duration [of purity from the blood of menstruation]) لاَ‮ ‬حَـدَّ‮ ‬لَـهُ (has no limit), كَـأَكْـثَرِ‮ ‬الطُّهْـرِ(likewise the maximum duration [of purity from the blood of menstruation][has no limit]). وَأَمَّا أَقَـلُّ‮ ‬الطُّهْـرِ (The minimum) فَخَمْسَةَ‮ ‬عَشَرَ‮ ‬يَوْمًا (can be fifteen days). وَأَمَّا أَكْثَرُ‮ ‬الْـحَيْضِ (As for the maximum duration period for the blood of menstruation), فَـيَخْتََلفُ (it varies) بِـخْتِلاَفِ‮ ‬الْـحُيَّضِ (in accord with the different menstrual cycles [of each female]). ‮  ‬فَإنْ‮ ‬كَانَـتْ‮ ‬مُـبْتَدَأَةٌ‮ ‬ (If she’s just staring to have a menstrual period) فَأَكْثَرُ (the maximum period) فِـي‮ ‬حَـقِّهَا‮ ‬(in reality) إذَا تَـمَادَتْ‮ ‬بِـهَا الْـحَيْضَةُ (if the bleeding persists) خَمْسَةَ‮ ‬عَشَـرَ‮ ‬يَـوْمًـا (is fifteen days). وَإِنْ‮ ‬كَنَاتْ‮ ‬مُعْتَادَةٌ‮ ‬(If she is a woman who is accustomed to regular menstrual cycles]),فَـإِمَّّا أَنْ تَـخْتَلِفَ‮ ‬عَـادَتُـهَا أَمْ‮ ‬لاَ (her normal period is either irregular or regular). فَـإنْ‮ ‬لَـمْ‮ ‬تَـخْتَلِفِ‮ ‬(Even if it is not irregular), ‮ ‬اسْظهَرَتْ‮ ‬عَلَى عَادَتِهَا بِثَلاَثَةِ‮ ‬أَيَّامًا (she can use precaution by adding three days above her normal period) مَا لَـمْ‮ ‬تُجَاوـِزْ‮  ‬خَـمْسَةَ‮ ‬عَشَـرَ‮ ‬يَوْمًَا ( that usually doesn’t exceed fifteen days),وَإِنِ‮ ‬اخْتِلاَفَتِ‮ ‬اسْتَظَهَرَتْ‮ ‬عَلَى أَكْثرِ‮ ‬عَادَتِهَا‮ ‬ (while if it [her period] is irregular, she can also use precaution for what is beyond her normal period),كَـذَ^الكَ‮ ‬ (in the same way [that is to say: she can add three days to what is above her normal period]). وَهِـيَ‮ ‬ (She),فِـي‮ ‬أَيَّّامِ‮ ‬الاسْـتِظْهَارِ (during the days of istiḍh-haar [precaution before performing ablution]) ‮ ‬حَـائِـضٌ (is still considered to be a menstruating woman). فَإِنْ‮ ‬تَـمَادَى بِهَا (If it [the bleeding] persist with her) ‮ ‬إِلَى تَـمَامِ‮ ‬خَمْسَةَ‮ ‬عَشَرَ‮ ‬يَومًا (up to the completion of fifteen days), فَحُكْمُهَا حُكْمُ‮ ‬الطَّاهِرِ (the judgement for her is same as the judgement for the woman who has purity) ‮ ‬فِـي‮ ‬تَـوْجِـيهِ(in respect) الصَّلاَةِ (to the prayer),وَالصَّوْمِ‮ ‬(fasting), وعَـدَمِ‮ ‬القَضَاءِ (the repayment of missed prayers), وَإِتْيَانِ‮ ‬الزَّوْجِ (and the arrival of the husband for intercourse).

فصْلٌ (Section)

ولِلطَّهْرِ‮ ‬عَلاَمَتَانِ (Purity from menstruation has two signs:) 1. الْـخُفُوفُ (dryness): وَهُـوَ (it is) أَنْ‮ ‬تُـدْخِـلَ‮ ‬الْـمَرْأَةُ (when a woman puts) خِرْفَةً (a cloth) فِي‮ ‬فُرْجِـهَا (into the opening of her vagina) فَتَخْـرُجَ (and when she takes it out),‮ ‬جَافَّةً (it is dry);لَـيْسَ‮ ‬عَـلَيْهَا شَـيْءٌ‮ ‬مِـنَ‮ ‬الدَّمِ‮ ‬ (there isn’t any blood on it). 2. وَالْقَصَّةُ‮ ‬الْبَيْضَاءُ (al-qiṣṣatu-l-bayḍaa’u) ‮ ‬وَهِيََ‮ ‬مَاءٌ‮ ‬أَبْيَضُ‮ ‬رَقِيٍقٌ(which is thin white water) يَأْتِى فِي‮ ‬آخِرِ‮ ‬الْـحَيْضِ (that comes at the end of menstrual bleeding) كَـمَاءِ‮ ‬الْقَصَّةِ (which like the water from gypsum). ‮ ‬وَهِـيَ‮ ‬الْـجِيرُ(It [resembles] the water of quicklime) وَالْـقَصَّةُ (and gypsum). أَبْـلغُ (This is a more reliable indicator) للْـمُتَادَةِ (for a woman who is accustom to having a menstrual period). فإِذَا رَأَتِ‮ ‬الْـخُفُوفَ‮ ‬أَوَّلاً (Even if she see the dryness first), ‮ ‬انْـتَظَرَتِ (she should still expect to see) الْـقَصَّةَ (the white water) لآخِرِ‮ ‬الْوَقْتِ‮ ‬الْـمُخْتَارِ (towards the end of the particular period).

وَأَمَّا الْـمُبْتَدَأَةُ (As for the one who is just starting to menstruate), فَـلاَ‮ ‬تَـنْتَطِرُ (she should not expect to see) الْـقَصَّةِ‮ ‬ (the white water)إذَا رأَتِ‮ ‬الْـجُفُوفِ‮ ‬أَوَّلاً‮ ‬(if she sees dryness first). وَعَـلَى الْـمَرْأَتِ (A woman is obligated) أَنْ‮ ‬تَنْتَطِرَ‮  ‬طَهْرَهَا (to look for her state of purity) عِنْدَ‮ ‬النَّوْمِ (when she’s going to sleep) وَعِنْدَ‮ ‬صَـلاَةِ‮ ‬الصُّبْحِ (and when it is time to pray Ṣalatu-ṣ-Ṣubḥ).

وَيَـمْنَعُ‮ ‬الْـحَيْضُ (Menstruation prevents) الصَّلاَةَ (prayer [from being performed]), وَالصَّومَ (fasting) والطَّلاَقَ ([the pronouncement of] divorce), ومَسَّ‮ ‬الْـمُصحَفِ (the touching of a copy of the Qur’an), وَقرَاءَةَ‮ ‬القُرْأَنِ (the recitation of the Qur’an), وَدُخُـولَ‮ ‬الْـمَسْجِـدِ (the entry [of a woman] into the masjid), وَالْـوَطَءَ‮ ‬فِـى الْـفُرْجِ (sexual intercourse [between the man and the woman]) زَمَنَ‮ ‬الْـحَيْضِ (during the time of menstruation), وَبَـعَدَهُ (and after it), قَبْلَ‮ ‬طُهْرِهَا بِالْـمَاءِ (before the woman has purified herself with water).

فصْلٌ (Section) النَّفَاسُ (The Blood of Parturition [Childbirth])

النَّفَاسُ (The blood of parturition [childbirth]) هُـوَ‮ ‬الدَّمُ‮ ‬الْـخَارِجُ (is the blood which comes out) مِـنَ‮ ‬الْـقَبْلِ (of the opening of the woman)  بِسَـبَبِ‮ ‬الْوِلاَدَةِ (because of childbirth) غَـيْرَ‮ ‬زَائِدِ‮ ‬عَلى سِـتِّيـنَ‮ ‬يَوْمًا (for a period not exceeding sixty days)¹ فَـلاَ‮ ‬يَسْـتَظْهِرُ ([After sixty days,] there are no precautionary days)². وَحُـكْمُ‮ ‬دَّمِ‮ ‬النَّفَاسِ (The legal ruling for the blood of parturition [childbirth]) فِـيمَا‮ ‬يَـمْنَعُهُ (in respect to what it prohibits) وَِفِي‮ ‬اقتضَائِهِ‮ ‬الْغَسْلَ (and in respect the necessity of ghusl) حُـكْمُ‮ ‬دَمِ‮ ‬الْـحَيْضِ (is the [same as] legal ruling for menstruation) مُـطْلَقًا (without any restriction). وَاللَّهُ‮ ‬أَعْلَمُ (And Allah is the Best Knower).

Footnotes:

^{1 Minimum of the bleeding after childbirth (Nifas)}

^{وإذا انقطع دم النفساء وإن كان قرب الولادة اغتسلت وصلت}

^{If the bleeding after childbirth (nifas) stops soon after the birth, a woman should do ghusl straightaway and start doing the prayer. [ If shortly after childbirth a woman sees the sign which indicates that it is ended with white discharge and dryness, then she washes and prays. "Soon after birth" has no minimum limit in relation to time and it has a minimum in relation to what emerges, which is one gush.]}

^{Maximum of the bleeding after childbirth (Nifas)}

^{وإن تمادى بها الدم جلست ستين ليلة ثم اغتسلت وكانت مستحاضة تصلي‮ ‬وتصوم وتوطأ}

^{However, if bleeding continues longer than sixty days, then she does ghusl anyway, the bleeding is considered as istihada, and she does the prayer and fasts and her husband can have sexual intercourse with her. [If the bleeding continues, she waits for sixty days, which it the maximum of its extent. If it stops after sixty, the matter is clear. If she continues to bleed after sixty, it is abnormal bleeding and she has a ghusl, prays and fasts and her husband can come to her.]}

^{2 The three precautionary days that a woman waits before performing ghusl.}

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The Things That Make Ghusl [Major Ablution] Necessary from Matn al ʿIzziyah

The Things That Make Ghusl [Major Ablution] Necessary

وَمَوْجُـبَاتُ  الْغُسْـلِ (The things that make ghusl [major ablution] necessary) أَرْبَعَةُ (are four): (1) انْقِطَاعُ‮ ‬دَمِ‮ ‬الْـحَيْضِ‮ ‬(the cessation of the blood of menstruation), (2) وَدَمِ‮ ‬النَّفَاسِ (the blood after child birth), (3) وَالْـمَوْتُ (death), (4) ‮ ‬وَالْـجَنَابَةُ and (major sexual impurity).

وَهيَ (and it) نَوْعَـانِ (is of two kinds):

1. [Ghusl becomes necessary] خُـرُوجُ‮ ‬الْـمَنِيِّ (due the emission of sperm) الْـمُقَارِنُ‮ ‬(simultaneously) لِلَّذَّةِ‮ ‬الْـمُعْتَادَةِ (with the usual pleasure derived) مِنَ‮ ‬الرَّجُلِ‮ ‬أَوْ‮ ‬الـْمَرْأَةِ (by the man or the woman) فِـي‮ ‬نَـومٍ‮ ‬أَوْ‮ ‬يَـقَظَةٍ‮ ‬بِـفَتْحِ‮ ‬الْـقَافِ (during sleep or while awake with fat-ḥah on the letter qaaf ).  ‮  ‬ضِدُّ‮ ‬النَوْمِ‮ ‬(meaning the opposite of asleep);

2. وَقَدْ‮ ‬يَجِبُ‮ ‬الْغُسْلِ (Ghusl becomes necessary)‮ ‬لِـخُرُوجِهِ (due the emission of sperm) مِنْ‮ ‬غَيْرِ‮ ‬مُقَارَنَةِ‮ ‬اللَّذَّةِ (without the occurrence of pleasure), مِـثْلُ  أَنْ  يُجَامِع ‬(like intercourse) فَـيَلْتَذَّ (wherein pleasure was derived sperm) وَلَـمْ‮ ‬يُنْزِلْ (without sperm being emitted),‮ ‬ثُـمَّ‮ ‬يَخْرُجُ‮ ‬مِنْهُ‮ ‬الْـمَنِيُّ (then sperm comes out)‮ ‬قَبْلَ‮ ‬أَنْ‮ ‬يَغْتَسَلَ‮ ‬ (before the person performs ghusl).

[Ghusl also becomes necessary because of] وَمُغِيبُ  حَـشَفَةِ  الْـبَالِـغِ (the disappearance of the mature male’s penis), وَهِيَ  رَأْسُ  الذَّكَـرِ (that is to say, the head of the penis) أَوْ‮ ‬مُـغِيبُ‮ ‬مِثْلِهَا مِنْ مَـقْطُوعِـهَا (or the similar disappearance of the circumcised penis)فِـي‮ ‬فَـرْجِ‮ ‬الأَدَمِِـيِّ (into the opening of the human being)أَوْ‮ ‬غَـيْرِهِ‮ ‬ (or an opening [orifice] of other than a human being),‮ ‬أُنْثَى أَوْ‮ ‬ذَكَرٍ‮ ‬(female or male),حَيِّ‮ ‬أَوْ‮ ‬مَيِّتٍ (living or dead),وَ‮ ‬إِنْ‮ ‬لَمْ‮ ‬يُنْزِلْ (even if sperm is not emitted).

‮

تَـمْنُعُ‮ ‬الـْجَنَابَةُ (Major sexual impurity) ‮ ‬مَـوَانِـعَ‮ ‬الـْحَدَثِ‮ ‬الأَصْـغَر(prevents the performance [of everything that] (minor bodily impurities prevents),مَـعَ‮ ‬زِيَـادَةِ‮ ‬تَـحْـرِيـمِ‮ ‬ (in addition to preventing) ‮ ‬قِرَاءَةِ‮ ‬الْـقُرْآنِ‮ ‬(the recitation of the Qur’an), إِلاَّ  الآيَة (except for an āyat) وَنَحْوَهَا‮ ‬(or what in is similar), عَـلَى وَجْـهِ  التَّعَوُّذُ (for the purpose of seeking refuge in Allah), ‮ ‬وَالرُّقَـى (protection against magic) والاسْـتَدْلالِ (and seeking justice). [Major sexual impurity also prevents] وَدُخُولِ‮ ‬الْـمَسْجِدِ (entry into the masjid) وَالْـمُكْثِ‮ ‬فِيهِ (and staying in it).

وَالْغُسْـلُ‮ ‬مِنَ‮ ‬الْـجَنَابَةِ (Ghusl for major impurity) مُشْتَـمِلٌ  عَـلَى فَرَائِـضَ (consists of the obligatory actions), وَسُنَنٍ (the Prophetic actions) وَفَضَائِلَ (and beneficial actions).

‮ ‬فَأَمَّا فَرَائِضُهُ (As for the obligatory actions) فَخَمْسَةٌ (are five):

(1) نِيَّةُ‮ ‬رَفْعِ‮ ‬الْـحَدَثِ‮ ‬الأَكْبَرِ (the intention to remove major bodily impurity),

(2)  ‬وَتُـعْمِيمُ‮ ‬ظَاهِـرِ‮ ‬الْـجَسَـدِ‮ ‬بالْـمَاءِ (covering the entire body with water),

(3) وَالدَّلْكُ (vigorous rubbing of the limbs),

(4) وَتَخْـلِيلُ‮ ‬الشَّعْرِ (combing the fingers through the hair),

(5) وَالْـمُوَالاَةُ (uninterrupted washing of each limb, immediately one after the other).

وَأَمَّا سُـنَنُهُ (As for it’s sunnah), فَأَرْبَـعَةٌ (they are four):

(1) ‮ ‬الْـبَدْءُ‮ ‬بِغَسْـلِ‮ ‬الْـيَدَيْـنِ‮ ‬(starting by washing the hands) قَبْلِ‮ ‬إِدْخَالِهِمَا (before putting them) فِي‮ ‬الإِنَاءِ (in the water container),

(2) وَمَسْحُ  صِـمَاخِ  الأُذْنَـيْـنِ (wiping the meaty part of the inside of the ears),

(3) وَالْـمَضْمَضَةُ (rinsing the mouth),

(4) وَالإسْتِنْشَاقُ (sniffing water into the nostril).

وَأَمَّا فَضَائِلُهُ (As for it’s meritorious actions), فَسَبْعَةٌ (they are seven):

(1) التَّسْمِيَةُ (starting with the Name of Allah i.e. Bismillah),

(2) وَالْبَدْءُ‮ ‬بِالْغَسْلِ (starting with the washing of) مَا عَلَى بِدَنِهِ‮ ‬مِنَ‮ ‬الأَذَى (what is noxious from his body),

(3) ثُـمَّ‮ ‬الْوُضُـوءُ‮ ‬كَامِـلاً (then performance of a complete wuḍuu’) مَـرَّةَ  مَـرَّةَ (once on each limb) وَ‮ ‬يَـنْوِي‮ ‬بِـهِ (intending by it) رَفْـعَ‮ ‬الْـجَنَابَةِ (to remove the major impurity) عَنْ‮ ‬تِلكَ‮ ‬الأَعْضَاءِ‮ ‬(from those limbs),

(4) ثُمَّ‮ ‬إِقَاضَةُ‮ ‬الْـمَاءِ (then pouring water) عَلَى الرَّأْسِ  ثَلاَثَا (over the head three times),

(5) ثُمَّ‮ ‬إِقَاضَةُ‮ ‬الْـمَاءِ (and then pouring water) عَلَى شًقِّهِ‮ ‬الأَيْمَنِ (over the right side of the body)‮ ‬قَبْلَ‮ ‬الأَيْسَرِ (before the left side), وَالْبَدْءُ‮ ‬بِالأَعَالِـي (and begin at the upper part of the body) قَـبْلَ‮ ‬الأَسَـاقِـلِ (before the lower part),

(6) وَتَـقْلِيلُ‮ ‬الْـمَاءِ (using a small amount of water),

(7) مَـعَ  إِحْكَامِ  الْغَسْـلِبِ  كَسْـرِ  الْهَمْزَةِ (washing each limb meticulously with vowel kasrah on the hamzah) أَيْ (that is to say), إِتْقَانِهِ (with thoroughness).

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The Sections About الْـحَيْض Al-Ḥayḍ (Menstruation) and النَّفَاس An-Nafaas (The Blood Of Parturition [Child Birth]) from Matn al-Akhḍarii

فَصْلٌ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬الْـحَيْضِ

The Section About الْـحَيْض Al-Ḥayḍ (Menstruation)

والنِّسَاءُ‮ ‬مُبْتَدَأَةٌ‮ ‬وَمُعْتَادَةٌ‮ ‬وَحَامِلٌ‮ .

النِّسَاءُ‮ ‬(An-Nisaa’ [The women]) who bleed naturally are of three categories: ‏‮ ‬‬مُـبُتَدَأَة (mubtada’ah [the woman who menstruate for the first time]), مُـعْتَادَة (muʿtaadah [the woman who is accustomed to a regular menstrual cycle]) and حَـامِـلَة (ḥaamilah [the pregnant woman] who begins to bleed during pregnancy).

وأَكْثَرُ‮ ‬الْـحَيْضِ‮ ‬لِلْمُبْتَدَأَةِ‮ ‬خَمْسَةَ‮ ‬عَشَرَ‮ ‬يَوْمًا‮ .

لـِلـمُبْتَدَأَة (Li-l-mubtada’ah [For the women who menstruate for the first time]), أَكْـثَرُ‏‮ ‬‬الْـحَيْض (aktharu-l-ḥayḍ [the maximum menstrual cycle]) should last no more than fifteen days.

وَلِلْمُعْتَادَةِ‮ ‬عَادَتُهَا،‮ ‬فَإنْ‮ ‬تَـمَادَى بِهَا الدَّمُ‮ ‬زَادَتْ‮ ‬ثَلَاثَةَ‮ ‬أَيَامٍ‮ ‬مَا لَمْ‮ ‬تُـجَاوِزْ‮ ‬خَمْسَةَ‮ ‬عَشَرَ‮ ‬يَوْمًا‮ .

لِِـلْمُعْتَادَةِ‮ ‬عَـادَتُـهَا (li-l-muʿtaadati ʿaadatuhaa [For the women who are accustomed to regular menstrual cycles]), if الدَّمُ (ad-dam [the bleeding]) persist, she should add three days at a times to what doesn’t exceed fifteen days.

وَلِلْحَامِلِ‮ ‬بَعْدَ‮ ‬ثَلاَثَةِ‮ ‬أَشْهُرٍ‮ ‬خَمْسَةَ‮ ‬عَشَرَ‮ ‬يَومًا وَنَحْوُهَا‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَبَعْدَ‮ ‬سِتَّةِ‮ ‬أَشْهُرٍ‮ ‬عِشْرُونَ‮ ‬وَنَحْوُهَا فَإنِ‮ ‬انْقَطَعَ‮ ‬الدَّمُ‮ ‬لَفَّقَتْ‮ ‬أَيَامَهُ‮ ‬حَتَّى تُكَمِّلَ‮ ‬عَادَتَهَا‮ .

لِـلْحَامِـلَة (Li-l-ḥaamilah [The pregnant woman]), (who bleeds regularly or intermittently during her pregnancy), should count approximately fifteen days  after three months, and after six months, she should count approximately twenty days, so that if the bleeding stopped, she will be able to calculate the number of days the bleeding occurred (within the fifteen or twenty days mentioned above) until it complements the period of her regular cycle.

وَلَا‮ ‬يَحِلُّ‮ ‬لِلْحَائِضِ‮ ‬صَلَاةٌ‮ ‬وَلَا صَوْمٌ‮ ‬وَلَا طَوَافٌ‮ ‬وَلَا مَسُّ‮ ‬مُصْحَفٍ‮ ‬وَلَا دُخُولُ‮ ‬مَسْجِدٍ،‮ ‬وَعَلَيْهَا قَضَاءُ‮ ‬الصَّوْمِ‮ ‬دُونَ‮ ‬الصَّلَاةِ‮ ‬وَقِرَاءَتُهَا جَائِزَةٌ‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَلَا‮ ‬يَحِلُّ‮ ‬لِزَوْجِهَا فُرْجُهَا وَلَا مَا بَيْـنَ‮ ‬سُرَّتِهَا وَرُكْبَتَيْهَا حَتَّى تَغْتَسِلَ‮ .

صَّلاَةٌ (Ṣalaah [praying]), صَّوْمٌ (ṣaum [fasting]), تَـوَافٌ (tawaaf [circumambulating the Kaʿbah]), مَـسُّ‏‮ ‬‬مُـصْحَفٍ (massu muṣḥaf [touching a copy of the Holy Qur’an]), nor دُخُـولُ‏‮ ‬‬مَسْجِـدٍ (dukhulu masjid [entering a Masjid]) is not permissible for الْحَـائِـض (al-ḥaa’iḍ [the menstruating woman]).  She is required however, to make up (at a later date) the fast days she missed, though (she is) not (required to make up missed) prayers.  The reciting by her of verses of the Qur’an is permitted.  فَـرْجُـهَا (farjuhaa [Her vagina]) and the area between her سُـرَّتِـهَا (surratihaa [her navel]) and رُكْـبَتَيْهَا (rukbatayhaa [her knees]) is unlawful to her husband until she performs ghusl (major ablution).

فصل في‮ ‬النفاس

The Section About النَّفَاس An-Nafaas (The Blood Of Parturition [Child Birth])

وَالنَّفَاسُ‮ ‬كَالْـحَيْضِ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬مَنْعِهِ‮ ‬وَأَكْثَرُهُ‮ ‬سِتُّونَ‮ ‬يَوْمًا‮ ‬،‮ ‬فَإِنْ‮ ‬اِنْقَطَعَ‮ ‬الدَّمُ‮ ‬قَبْلَهَا وَلَوْ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬يَوُمِ‮ ‬الْوِلَادَةِ‮ ‬اغْتَسَلَتْ‮ ‬وَصَلَّتْ‮ ‬فَإذَا عَاوَدَهَا الدَّمُ‮ ‬فَإِنْ‮ ‬كَانَ‮ ‬بَيْنَهُمَا خَمْسَةَ‮ ‬عَشَرَ‮ ‬يَوْمًا فَأَكْثَرَ‮ ‬كَانَ‮ ‬الثَّانِي‮ ‬حَيْضًا وَإِلاَّ‮ ‬ضُمَّ‮ ‬إِلَى الأَوَّلِ‮ ‬وَكَانَ‮ ‬مِنْ‮ ‬تـَمَامِ‮ ‬النّفًاسِ‮ .

النَّفَاس (An-Nafaas [The bleeding of parturition]) is similar to الْـحَيْض (Al-ḥayḍ [the bleeding of menstruation]) in its prohibitions.  An-nafaas should last no more than sixty days.  If it stops on the day delivery, (the woman) should do ghusl and perform ṣalaah.  If the bleeding reoccurs and fifteen days or more elapsed between the time it stopped and the time it began flowing again, the second flow of blood will be considered ḥayḍ [menstruation], unless the first period of bleeding is combined with the second period it will then be considered as part of تَـمَـامُ‏ ‬النَّفَاس (tamaamu-n-nafaas [the completion the cycle parturition]).

Section About Ghusl: Its Obligatory, Sunnah and Meritorious Actions from Matn al-Akhḍarii

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Ghusl: Its Obligatory, Sunnah and Meritorious Actions

فصل

‬

يَجِبُ‮ ‬الْغُسْلُ‮ ‬مِنْ‮ ‬ثَلاَثَةِ‮ ‬أَشْيَاءٍ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬الـْجَنَابَةِ‮ ‬وَالـْحَيْضِ‮ ‬وَالنَّفَاسً‮ ‬وَمَنْ‮ ‬رَأى فِي‮ ‬مَنَامِهِ‮ ‬كَأَنَّهُ‮ ‬يُجَامِعُ‮ ‬وَلَـمْ‮ ‬يَخْرُجُ‮ ‬مِنْهُ‮ ‬مَنِيٌّ‮ ‬فَلاَ‮ ‬شَيْءَ‮ ‬عَلَيْهِ‮ .‬

Section

الْغُسْـل (Ghusl [ablution for major impurity]) is necessary in three cases: الْجَـنَابَـة (al-janaabah [sexual impurity]), الْحَـيْض (al-ḥayḍ [menstruation]) and النَّفَاس (an-nafaas [the blood child birth]).

فَالـْجَنَابَةُ‮ ‬قِسْمَانِ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬أَحَدُهُمَا خُرُوجُ‮ ‬الْـمَـنِيُّ‮ ‬بِلَذَّةٍ‮ ‬مُعْتَادَةٍ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬نَوْمٍ‮ ‬أَوْ‮ ‬يَقْظَةٍ‮ ‬بِجِمَاعٍ‮ ‬أَوْ‮ ‬غَيْرِهِ‮ . ‬وَالثَّانِي‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬مَغِيبُ‮ ‬الـْحَشَفَةِ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬الْفَرْجِ‮ .‬

الْـجَنَابَة ( Al-janaabah [Sexual impurity]) is of two kinds: one kind is خُـرُوجُ‏ ‬الْـمَـنِيّ (khuruuju-l-maniy [the emission of sperm]) in the course of normal pleasure (derived) in sleep or wakefulness due to يَـقَظَةٍ‏‮ ‬‬بِجِـمَاع (yaqa-ḍhatin bi-jimaaʿ [the pleasure of sexual intercourse]) or other reasons.  The second kind (of janaabah) (is caused) by the disappearance of الْـخَـشْفَة (al-khashfah [the penis]) into الْفَرْج (al-farj [the opening of the vagina]).

وَمَنْ‮ ‬رَأى فِي‮ ‬مَنَامِهِ‮ ‬كَأَنَّهُ‮ ‬يُجَامِعُ‮ ‬وَلَـمْ‮ ‬يَخْرُجُ‮ ‬مِنْهُ‮ ‬مَنِيٌّ‮ ‬فَلاَ‮ ‬شَيْءَ‮ ‬عَلَيْهِ‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَمَنْ‮ ‬وَجَدَ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬ثَوْبِهِ‮ ‬مَنِيًّا‮ ‬يَابِسًا لاَ‮ ‬يَدْرِي‮ ‬مَتىَ‮ ‬أَصَابَهُ‮  ‬اغْتَسَلَ‮ ‬وَأعَادَ‮ ‬مَا صَلَّى مِنْ‮ ‬آخِرِ‮ ‬نَوْمَةٍ‮ ‬نَامَهَا فِيهِ‮ .‬

Whoever sees in his dream the occurrence of what seems as if he was having sexual intercourse and sperm was not emitted by him, is not required to perform ghusl, however whoever finds مَـنِيّـًا‏‮ ‬‬يَـابِـسًا (maniyyan yaabisan [dry semen]) on his clothing and he doesn’t know when it (the seminal discharge) occurred, then he must perform ghusl and repeat the prayers he has prayed since he last slept in the seminally soiled clothing.

فصل

فَرَائِضُ‮ ‬الْغُسْلِ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬النِّيَّةُ‮ ‬عِنْدَ‮ ‬الشُّرُوعِ‮ ‬والْفَوْرِ‮ ‬وَالدَّلْكُ‮ ‬وَالْعُمُومُ‮ .‬

Section:

فَـرَائِـض الْغُسْـل (Faraa’iḍu-l-ghusl [The obligatory  actions for performing ablution for major impurity are: النِّيَّة عِـنْدَ‏‮ ‬‬الشُّرُوع (an-niyyah ʿinda-sh-shuruuʿ [the intention at the beginning])  (of  ghusl), الفَوْر  fawr (prompt action without delay), الدَّلْـك (ad-dalk [vigorous rubbing])  (of  all  the parts of the body), and  الْعُمُومُ (al-ʿumuum [the entire body should be washed]).

‮(‬وَسُنَنُهُ‮)‬‭:‬‮ ‬غَسْلُ‮ ‬الْيَدَيْنِ‮ ‬إِلَى الْكَوْعَـيْـنِ‮ ‬كَالْوُضُوءِ‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَالْـمَضْمَضَةُ‮ ‬والِاسْتِنْشَاقُ‮ ‬وَالِاسْتِنْثَارُ،‮ ‬وَغَسْلُ‮ ‬صِمَاخِ‮ ‬الأُذْنَيْنِ‮ ‬وَهِيَ‮ ‬الثُّقْبَةُ‮ ‬الدَّاخِلَةُ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬الرَّأْسِ‮ ‬وَأمَّا صَفْحَةُ‮ ‬الأُذْنَيْنِ‮ ‬فَيَجِبُ‮ ‬غَسْلُ‮ ‬ظَاهِرِهَا‮ ‬وَبَاطِنِهَا‮ .‬

سُـنَـنُ‏‮ ‬‬الْغُسْـل (sunnanu-l-ghusl [actions derived from the Prophet] for performing ghusl) are: غُسْلُ‏‮ ‬‬الْيَـدَيْـنِ (ghaslu-l-yadayn [washing of the hands]) up to الْـكَوْعَـيْنِ (al-kawʿayn [the wrists]) in the same manner as it is done in wuḍuu’, الـْـمُضْمَضَة (al-maḍmaḍah [rinsing the mouth with water]). الإِسْـتِنْشَاق (al-istinshaaq [inhaling water into the nostrils]) and الإِِسْـتِنْثَار (al-instinthaar [exhaling it]),

غَـسلُ‮ ‬صِـمَاخِ‮ ‬الأُذْنَـيْـن‮ ‬(Ghaslu ṣimaakhi-l-udhnayn [washing the auditory canals]).  They are the holes (of the ear) going into the head.  As for the outside of the ears, washing them front and back is obligatory.

‮(‬وَفَضَائِلُهُ‮) ‬‭:‬‮ ‬الْبِدَايَةُ‮ ‬بِغَسْلِ‮ ‬النَّجَاسَةِ‮ ‬ثُمَّ‮ ‬الذَّكَرِ‮ ‬فَيَنْوِي‮ ‬عِنْدَهُ‮ ‬ثُمَّ‮ ‬أَعْضَاءِ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءِ‮ ‬مَرَّةً‮ ‬مَرَّةً‮ ‬،‮ ‬ثُمَّ‮ ‬أَعْلَى جَسَدِهِ‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَتَثْلِيثُ‮ ‬غَسْلِ‮ ‬الرَّأْسِ‮ ‬وَتَقْدِيمُ‮ ‬شَقِّ‮ ‬جَسَدِهِ‮ ‬الأَيـْمَنِ‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَتَقْلِيلُ‮ ‬الْـمـَاءِ‮ ‬عَلَى‮ ‬الأَعْضَاءِ‮ . ‬

الْـفَضَائِـل الْغُسْـل (faḍaa’ilu-l-ghusl [meritorious actions of  ghusl]) are: to begin by washing off impurities, washing the penis, then making the intention to perform ghusl, then performing wuḍuu’ – washing each limb once, then (الْـمُغْتَسِـلُ al-mughtasil [the one who is performing ghusl]) washes the upper part of his body, washing the head three times, (starting with) the right side of his body before (proceeding to the left side), while  تَـقْلِيل الْـمَاء  (taqliilu-l-maa’ [using a small amount of water عَـلَى الأَعْـضَاءِ‮ ‬ (ʿala-l-aʿḍaa’i [on each part of the body]).

وَمَنْ‮ ‬نَسِيَ‮ ‬لَـمْعَةٌ‮ ‬أَوْ‮ ‬عُضْوًا مِنْ‮ ‬غَسْلِهِ‮ ‬بَادَرَ‮ ‬إِلَى‮ ‬غَسْلِهِ‮ ‬حِينَ‮ ‬تَذَكُّرِهِ‮ ‬وَلَوْ‮ ‬بَعْدَ‮ ‬شَهْرٍ‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَأعَادَ‮ ‬مَا‮ ‬صَلَّى قَبْلَهُ‮. ‬وَإِنْ‮ ‬أَخَّرَهُ‮ ‬بَعْدَ‮ ‬ذِكْرِهِ‮ ‬بَطَلَ‮ ‬غُسْلُهُ‮ ‬فَإِنُ‮ ‬كَانَ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬أَعْضَاءِ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءِ‮ ‬وَصَادَفَهُ‮ ‬غَسْلُ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءِ‮ ‬أَجْزَأَهُ‮ .‬

Whoever has forgotten a small portion of the body or (an entire) عُـضْو (ʿuḍw [limb] during the performance of his ghusl should promptly wash it when he remembers even if it is after a month and he must repeat (the prayers) he prayed before (washing) it.  If he delays (washing the forgotten area) after he has remembered (the need to do so), his ghusl becomes invalid.  If it is from among أَعْـضَاءُ‏‮ ‬‬الْـوُضُـوء (aʿḍaa’u-l-wuḍuu’ [the limbs washed when wuḍuu’ is performed]) and the performance of wuḍuu’ coincided with (his remembering the unwashed area), the wuḍuu’ which has been performed will suffice.

فصل

لَا‮ ‬يَحِلُّ‮ ‬لِلْجُنُبِ‮ ‬دُخُولُ‮ ‬الْـمَسْجِدِ‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَلَا قِرَاءَةُ‮ ‬الْقُرْآنِ‮ ‬إِلاَّ‮ ‬الآيَةُ‮ ‬وَنَحْوُهَا للتَّعَوُّذِ‮ ‬وَنَحْوِهِ‮ ‬،‮ ‬

Section:

It is not permissible for the person who is in a state of major impurity to enter the masjid, to read the Qur’an, except for the reading of a few verses, and/or التَّعَوُّذ (at-taʿawwu-dh [to seek refuge in Allah]) and what is similar to that.

وَلاَ‮ ‬يَجُوزُ‮ ‬لِـمَنْ‮ ‬لَا‮ ‬يَقْدِرُ‮ ‬عَلَى الْـمَاءِ‮ ‬الْبَارِدِ‮ ‬أَنْ‮ ‬يَأْتِيَ‮ ‬زَوْجَتَهُ‮ ‬حَتَّى‮ ‬يُعِدُّ‮ ‬الآلَةَ‮ ‬إِلاَّ‮ ‬أَنْ‮ ‬يَحْتَلِمَ‮ ‬فَلَا شَيْءَ‮ ‬عَلَيْهِ‮ .‬

It is not permissible for the person who is unable to bear cold water to have intercourse with his wife until he makes preparations to obtain hot water, unless the person has attained puberty, there is nothing required of him.

Chapter 16 Mudawwanah – The Chapter Concerning the Person Whose Wuḍuu’ is Deficient or He Forgets of His Wuḍuu’ or Ghusl

فِي‮ ‬الَّذِي‮ ‬يَعَجَزَهُ‮ ‬عَنْهُ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءُ‮ ‬أَوْ‮ ‬ينَسِيَ‮ ‬بَعْضَ‮ ‬وُضُوئِهِ‮ ‬أَوْ‮ ‬غُسْلِهِ‮ ‬

The Chapter Concerning the Person Whose Wuḍuu’ is Deficient or He Forgets Some of His Wuḍuu’ or Ghusl

قَالَ‮ ‬وَقَالَ‮ ‬مَالِكٌ‮ ‬فِيمَنْ‮ ‬تَوَضَّأَ‮ ‬فَفَرَغَ‮ ‬مِنْ‮ ‬بَعْضِ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءِ‮ ‬وَبَقِيَ‮ ‬بَعْضُهُ‮ ‬فَقَامَ‮ ‬لأَِخْذِ‮ ‬الْـمَاءِ‮ ‬فَقَالَ‮ ‬إنْ‮ ‬كَانَ‮ ‬قَرِيبًا فَأَرَى أَنْ‮ ‬يَبْنِيَ‮ ‬عَلَى وُضُوئِهِ‮ ‬وَإِنْ‮ ‬تَطَاوَلَ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ ‬وَتَبَاعَدَ‮ ‬أَخْذُهُ‮ ‬الْـمَاءَ‮ ‬وَجَفَّ‮ ‬وُضُوءُهُ‮ ‬فَأَرَى أَنْ‮ ‬يُعِيدَ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءَ‮ ‬مِنْ‮ ‬أَوَّلِهِ‮ ‬

Ibn al-Qaasim said Maalik said concerning the person who performs wuḍuu’ and then part of the wuḍuu’ becomes lost and part of it is preserved, and so he goes to get water, he (Maalik said), “If it (the wuḍuu’) has been performed recently, I am of the opinion that he should restore what was lost to his wuḍuu’, however if a long time has passed when he goes to use the water and the wuḍuu which he has performed has become dry, then I am of the opinion that he should repeat the wuḍuu’ from the beginning. ”

 

قَالَ‮ ‬ابْنُ‮ ‬الْقَاسِمِ‮ ‬أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ‮ ‬اغْتَسَلَ‮ ‬مَنْ‮ ‬جَنَابَةٍ‮ ‬أَوْ‮ ‬حَائِضٌ‮ ‬اغْتَسَلَتْ‮ ‬فَبَقِيَتْ‮ ‬لُـمْعَةٌ‮ ‬مِنْ‮ ‬أَجْسَادِهِمَا لَمْ‮ ‬يُصِبْهَا الْـمَاءُ‮ ‬أَوْ‮ ‬تَوَضَّأَ‮ ‬فَبَقِيَتْ‮ ‬لُـمْعَةٌ‮ ‬مِنْ‮ ‬مَوَاضِعِ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءِ‮ ‬حَتَّى صَلَّيَا وَمَضَى الْوَقْتُ‮ ‬،‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬إنْ‮ ‬كَانَ‮ ‬إنَّمَا تَرَكَ‮ ‬اللُّمْعَةَ‮ ‬عَامِدًا أَعَادَ‮ ‬الَّذِي‮ ‬اغْتَسَلَ‮ ‬غُسْلَهُ‮ ‬وَاَلَّذِي‮ ‬تَوَضَّأَ‮ ‬وُضُوءَهُ‮ ‬وَأَعَادُوا‮ ‬الصَّلاَةَ‮ ‬وَإِنْ‮ ‬كَانُوا إنَّمَا تَرَكُوا ذَلِكَ‮ ‬سَهْوًا فَلْيَغْسِلُوا تِلْكَ‮ ‬اللُّمْعَةَ‮ ‬وَلْيُعِيدُوا الصَّلاَةَ‮ ‬،‮ ‬فَإِنْ‮ ‬لَمْ‮ ‬يَغْسِلُوا ذَلِكَ‮ ‬حِينَ‮ ‬ذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ‮ ‬فَلْيُعِيدُوا الْوُضُوءَ‮ ‬وَالْغُسْلَ‮ ‬وَهُوَ‮ ‬قَوْلُ‮ ‬مَالِكٍ‮ ‬

Ibn al-Qaasim said, “Whenever a man performs ghusl because of جَـنَابَـةٍ (major impurity) or حَـائِـضٌ (menstruating woman) performs ghusl and a part of their body remains without water being poured over it or they performed wuḍuu’ and some of the places of wuḍuu’ remains untouched until after ṣalaah and the time has passed,”  he said, “if he left out the area intentionally, he should rewash the areas which he washed when he performed his ghusl and the areas he washed when he performed wuḍuu’, and they should repeat the salaah; if it is the case that they left it undone out of forgetfulness, they should wash the area and repeat the ṣalaah; if they don’t wash the area until the time they remember, then they should repeat wuḍuu’ and ghusl. ” This is what Maalik said.

قَالَ‮ ‬سَحْنُونٌ‮ ‬وَقَالَ‮ ‬رَبِيعَةُ‮ ‬بْنُ‮ ‬أَبِي‮ ‬عَبْدِ‮ ‬الرَّحْمَنِ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬تَبْعِيضِ‮ ‬الْغُسْلِ‮ ‬مِثْلَ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ . ‬وَقَالَ‮ ‬ابْنُ‮ ‬الْـمُسَيِّبِ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬الَّذِي‮ ‬تَرَكَ‮ ‬رَأْسَهُ‮ ‬نَاسِيًا فِي‮ ‬الْغُسْلِ‮ ‬،‮ ‬مِثْلَ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ

Saḥnuun said Rabiiʿah bin Abū Abdur Rahmān said  the same thing concerning the division of ghusl into portions.  Ibn Musayyib said the same thing in regards to the person who leaves out his head forgetfully in ghusl.

 

وَقَالَ‮ ‬مَالِكٌ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬الَّذِي‮ ‬يَنْسَى أَنْ‮ ‬يَـمْسَحَ‮ ‬بِرَأْسِهِ‮ ‬فَذَكَرَهُ‮ ‬وَهُوَ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬الصَّلاَةِ‮ ‬وَفِي‮ ‬لِـحْيَتِهِ‮ ‬بَلَلٌ‮ ‬،‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬لاَ‮ ‬يُجْزِئُهُ‮ ‬أَنْ‮ ‬يَـمْسَحَ‮ ‬بِذَلِكَ‮ ‬الْبَلَلِ‮ ‬،‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬وَلَكِنْ‮ ‬لِيَأْخُذْ‮ ‬الْـمَاءَ‮ ‬لِرَأْسِهِ‮ ‬وَلْيَبْتَدِئْ‮ ‬الصَّلاَةَ‮ ‬بَعْدَمَا‮ ‬يَـمْسَحُ‮ ‬بِرَأْسِهِ

 

Maalik said in regards to the person who forgets to wipe over his head and remembers it during ṣalaah and his beard is wet, he said, “he is not permitted to wipe over the moisture.”  He said, “But he should get water for his head and should start the prayer after wiping over his head.”

 

قُلْتُ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬فَهَلْ‮ ‬كَانَ‮ ‬مَالِكٌ‮ ‬يَأْمُرُ‮ ‬بِأَنْ‮ ‬يَغْسِلَ‮ ‬رِجْلَيْهِ‮ ‬بَعْدَمَا‮ ‬يَـمْسَحُ‮ ‬بِرَأْسِهِ‮ ‬؟ قَالَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬إنْ‮ ‬كَانَ‮ ‬نَاسِيًا وَخَفَّ‮ ‬وُضُوءُهُ‮ ‬فَلاَ‮ ‬يَكُونُ‮ ‬عَلَيْهِ‮ ‬إلاَّ‮ ‬مَسْحُ‮ ‬رَأْسِهِ

 

I (Saḥnuun) said, “Did Maalik used to order the washing of one’s feet after wiping the head?”  He said, “If it was forgotten and his wuḍuu’ has become dry, he only has to wipe over his head.”

The Chapter Concerning فَـرَائِـضِ الْـغُسْـلِ (The Obligatory Actions of Ghusl [Major Ablution]), سُـنَـنِهِ (It’s Actions Derived From The Prophet Muhammad) and فَـضَائِـلِهِ (It’s Meritorious Actions) from the Matn al Ashmaawiyyah

The Chapter Concerning فَـرَائِـضِ‮ ‬الْـغُسْـلِ (The Obligatory Actions of Ghusl [Major Ablution]), سُـنَـنِهِ (It’s Actions Derived From The Prophet Muhammad) and فَـضَائِـلِهِ (It’s Meritorious Actions)

فَـأَمَّا فَـرَائِـضُهِ (As for the obligatory actions of major ablution), فَخَـمْسةٌ (they are five) 1) : النِّيَّة (the intention), 2) وَتَـعْـمِِـيم الْـجِسْمِ‮ ‬بِـالْـمَاء  (washing the entire body with water), 3) وَالدَّلْـكُ‮ ‬جَـمِيْعِ‮ ‬الْـجِسْمِ (vigorous rubbing of the entire body), 4) وَالْـفَوْر (washing each limb one immediately after the other), 5) وَتَخْـلِيلُ‮ ‬الشِّعْرِ‮ ‬(combing the fingers through).

وَأَمَّا سُـنَـنُهِ (As for it’s sunnah), فَأَرْبَعَةٌ (they are four): (1) غَـسْـلُ‮ ‬يَـدَيْـنِ‮ ‬أَوْلاً (washing the hands first) إِلَـى الْـكَوْعَـيْن (up to the wrist bone), (2) وَالْـمَضْمَـضَة (rinsing the mouth) with water, (3) وَالإسْـتتِنْـشَاق (Sniffing water into the nostril), 4) وَمَـسْحُ‮ ‬صِـمَاخِ‮ ‬الأُذُنَـيْـن (wiping the meaty part of the inside of the ears).

وَأَمَّا فَـضَائِـلِهِ (As for it’s meritorious actions), فَسِـتَّةٌ (they are six): 1) الْـبَدْء بِـإزَالَـة الأذَى (starting with the removal of what is noxious) عَـنْ‮ ‬جِـسْمِهِ (from his body), 2)  ثُـمَّ إِكْـمَالُ‮ ‬أَعْـضاء وُضُـوئِـهِ (then perform a complete wuḍuu’ over the limbs), 3) وَغَسْـلُ‮ ‬الأَعَـالي (wash the top part) of the body قَـبْلَ‮ ‬الأَسَـافِـلِ (before the bottom part), 4) وَتَـثْلِيثُ‮ ‬الرَّأْسِ‮ ‬بِغَسْـلِ (washing the head three times), 5) وَالْـبَدْءُ‮ ‬بَالْـمَيَامِنِ (starting on the right side [of the body])   قَـبْلَ‮ ‬الْـمَيَاسِـرِ  (before going to the left side),  6)‮ ‬وَقِـلَّةُ‮ ‬الْـمَاء‮ ‬(using a small amount of water) مَـعَ‮ ‬إِحكَامِ‮ ‬الْغَسْـل (washing each limb meticulously). وَاللَّهُ‮ ‬أَعْلَمُ (Allah is the Best Knower).

The Characteristics of the Water Used for Minor and Major Ablution From Matn al ʿIzziyyah

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

الْحَمْدُ‮ ‬لِله رَبِّ‮ ‬الْعَالَـمِـينَ‮ ‬وَأَشْهَدُ‮ ‬أَنْ‮ ‬لاَ‮ ‬إلَـ^اـه إلاَّ‮ ‬الله وَحْدَهُ‮ ‬لاَ‮ ‬شَرِيكَ‮ ‬لَهُ‮ ‬وَأَشْهَدُ‮ ‬أَنّض مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ‮ ‬وَرَسُولُهُ‮ ‬صَلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ‮ ‬وَسَلَّم وَعَلَى سَائِرِ‮ ‬الأَنبِيَاءِ‮ ‬وَالْـمُرْسَلـِيـنَ‮ ‬وآلِ‮ ‬كُلِّ‮ ‬التَّابِعِينَ‮ ‬لَهُمْ‮  ‬بِإحْسَانِ‮ ‬إِلَى‮ ‬يَـومِ‮ ‬الدِّينِ

‮ ‬أَمَّا بَعْدُ‮ ‬(As for what comes next:)

 يَقُولَ‮ ‬عَبْدُ‮ ‬الْفَقِيرِ‮ ‬إِلَى الله تَعَالَى أَبُو الْـحَسَنِ‮ ‬عَلِيِّ‮ ‬الْـمَالِكِيِّ‮ ‬الشَّاذِلِيِّ‮ ‬غَفَرَ‮ ‬الله لَهُ‮ ‬وَلِوَالِدَيْهِ‮ ‬وَمَشَايِخِهِ‮ ‬وإِخْوَانِهِ‮ ‬وَسَائِرِ‮ ‬أَهْلِ‮ ‬السُّنّةِ‮ ‬الْـمُحَمَّّدِيِّ

(The poor slave of Allah the Most High, Abūl Ḥasan ʿAlī al-Mālikī ash-Shādhilī may Allah forgive him, his parents, his shaykhs, his brothers and all of the people of the Muḥammadan Sunnah said),

 هَـذِهِ‮ ‬مُـقَدِمَّةٌ (“This is an introduction) فِي‮ ‬مُـسَائِـلَ‮ ‬مِـنَ‮ ‬الْـعِبَادَات (to the questions from the worshippers) وَغَـيْرِ‮ ‬ذَ^الك (and other than that) عَـلَى مَـذْهَـبِ‮ ‬الإِمَـامِ‮ ‬مَـالِـكِ‮ ‬بِـنْ‮ ‬إَنَـسٍ (about the Madh-hab [School of Islamic Law] of Imām Mālik bin Anas) رَحِـمَهُ‮ ‬الله تَـعالى (may Allah the Most High have mercy on him), لِـيَنْتَفِع الْـوِلْـدَانُ‮ ‬وَنَـحْوُهُـمْ (and may the progeny and others benefit as well).

  أِنْ‮ ‬شَـاءَ‮ ‬الله تَـعَالَـى‮ ‬(If Allah the Most High wills),‮ ‬لَـخَّصْتُ‮ ‬كِـتَابِـي (I will make it a summary of my book) الْـمُسَمَّى‭:‬عُـمْدَةُ‮ ‬السَّالِكِ‮ ‬عَلَى مَذْهَبِ‮ ‬الإمَامِ‮ ‬مَالِكِ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬الْعِبَادَاتِ‮ ‬وَغَيرِ‮ ‬ذَ^الِكَ‮ ‬ (which is entitled ‘Umdatu-l-Saalik ʿalaa Madh-habi-l-Imaam Maalik fii ʿIbaadaati wa Ghayri Dhaalik’), وَسَـمَّيْتُهَا (and I will name this summarization) بِـمُقَدَّمَـةِ‮ ‬العِزِّيَِةِ‮ ‬لِلْـجَـمَاعَةِ‮ ‬الأزْهَـارِيَّةِ (‘Muqadamati-l-ʿIzziyati li-l-Jamaaʿati-l-Azhaariyyah’) مُشتَمِلَةً‮ ‬عَلى أَحَـدَ‮ ‬عَشَـرَ‮ ‬بَابًـا (which consists of eleven chapters.)

The Characteristics of the Water Used for Minor and Major Ablution

قَـال اللََّهُ‮ ‬تَـعَالَى‮ ‬ (Allah the Most High has said [in His Noble Book]): وَاَنْزَلْـنَا مِنَ‮ ‬السَّمَاءِ‮ ‬مَـاءً‮ ‬طَـهُورًا (We have sent down from the sky pure water). الْـمَاءُ‮ ‬الطَّهُورُ (Pure water is) مَـا كَـانَ‮ ‬طَـاهِـرًا (what is pure) فِـي‮ ‬نَـفْسِهِ (in itself) مُطَهِّرًا (and a purifier) لِـغَيْرِهِ (for other substances) – كَـمَاءِ‮ ‬الْبَحْـرِ (like the water of the sea [for example]), وَالْـبِئْرِ (and the well)  وَالْـمَطْرِ (and the rain), إذَا لَـمْ‮ ‬يَـتَغَيَّرْ‮ ‬شَـيْءٌ (as long as nothing has been changed) مِـنْ‮ ‬أَوْصَـافِـهِ‮ ‬الثَّلاَثِ (in one of its three characteristics) – وَهِـيَ (and they are): اللَّوْنُ (the color), وَالطَّعْمُ (the taste),  والرِّيحُ (and the smell) – بِـمَا‮ ‬يَـنْفَكُّ‮ ‬عَـنْهُ‮ ‬غَالِبًا (by something that causes a predominant changes in it),  كَـاللَّبنِ (like milk), وَالْعَسَـلِ (honey), وَالْـبَوْلِ (urine) وَالْعَذِرَةِ (and faeces).

فَـإنْ‮ ‬تَـغٌيَّرَ‮ ‬ (If something changes) مِـنْ‮ ‬أَوْصَـافِـهِ‮ ‬الثَّلاَثِ (one of its three characteristics of the water) ذُكِـرَ (that have been mentioned) وَنَـحْوِهِ (or something similar happens), فَـلاَ‮ ‬يَـصِحُّ‮ ‬الوُضُـوعُ‮ ‬مِـنْهُ (then wuḍuu’ is not valid from its use) وَلاَ‮ ‬الْغُسْـلُ (nor is (ghusl)  وَلاَ‮ ‬الاِسْـتِنْجَاءُ (or istinjaa’).  الـْـمُتَغَيَّرُ (That which has been changed) بِـالطَّاهِـرِ (by (the pure) طَاهِـرٌ (is clean) غَـيْرُ‮ ‬طُـهُورٍ (but not pure enough). يَسْـتَعْمَلُ‮ ‬فِـي‮ ‬الْـعَادَتِ (It can be used for a common purpose use), وَلاَ‮ ‬يَسْـتَعْمَلُ‮ ‬فِـي‮ ‬عِـبَادَاتِ (but cannot be used for purposes of worship). الـْـمُتَغَيَّرُ (that which has been changed) بِـالنَّجِسِ (by the impure) نـَـجِسٌ (is impure)‮ ‬وَلاَ‮ ‬يَسْـتَعْمَلُ‮ ‬فِـي‮ ‬شَـيْءٍ‮  ‬مِـنَ‮ ‬الْـعَادَاتِ (and can neither be used for common purposes) وَلاَ‮ ‬فِـي‮ ‬شَـيْءٍ‮ ‬مِـنَ العبادات (nor purposes of worship).

وَإِذَِا تَـغَيَّرَ (If the change) بِـمَا هُـوَ‮ ‬مِـنْ‮ ‬قِرَارِهِ (is from what has settled at the bottom of it [the water]), كَالتُّرَابِ (such as dust), وَالـْـمِلْحِ (salt), وَالنُّورَة (lime) أَوْ‮ ‬بِـمَا تَوَلَّدَ‮ ‬مِنْهُ (or what grows from it [the water]),‮ ‬كَـالطُّهْـلُب (like moss) أَوْ‮ ‬بِـطُولِ‮ ‬الْـمُكْثِ (or because it has been sitting for a long time), فَـإِنَّهُ‮ ‬لاَ‮ ‬يَـضُرُّ (then it is not considered noxious) وَيَسْـتَعْمَلُ‮ ‬فِـي‮ ‬الْـعَادَتِ (and it can be used for common purposes)  وَالْعِبَادَاتِ (and worship).

وَإِذَا وَقَـعَ‮ ‬ُفِـي‮ ‬الْـمَاءِ‮ ‬الْـقَلِيلِ (If falls into a small amount of water), كَـآنِـيَةِ‮ ‬الْـوُضُـوءِ (like [what may be found in] the vessel containing water for ablution) لِـلْـمُتَوَضِّي (for the one who needs to perform wuḍuu’), وَآنِـيَةِ‮ ‬الْغُسْـلِ (and a vessel containing water for performing major ablution) لِلْـمُغْتَسِـلِ (for the person who is performing major ablution), نَـجَاسَـةً (an impure substance) , ولَـمْ‮ ‬تُـغَيِّرْهُ (and it did not alter it [the water]), فَـإنَّهُ‮ ‬يَـصِحُّ‮ ‬الطَّهِـيرُ‮ ‬بِـههِ (then purification with it is valid), لَـكِنْ‮ ‬يَـكْرَهُ (but it is disliked) إِذَا وَجَـدَ‮ ‬غَـيْرَهُ (if other [water] is found).

وَالْـمَـاءُ‮ ‬الْـمُسْـتَعْمَلُ‮ ‬فِـي‮ ‬الْـوُضُـوء‮ ‬وَالْغُسْـل (Water previously used for wuḍuu’ and ghusl) طَـهُورٌ (is pure); يَـكْرَهُ‮ ‬الطَّهِـيرُ‮ ‬بِـهِ‮ ‬ (purification with it is disliked) مَـعَ‮ ‬وُجُـود (if other water is found). وَفِـي‮ ‬الْـمُسْـتَعْمَلُ‮ ‬فِـي‮ ‬غَـيْرِهِ (In regards to used water) which is used for other than wuḍuu’, like كَـالْـمُسْـتَعْمَلِ‮ ‬فِـي‮ ‬التَّبَرُّدِ (the water used to refresh oneself or cool off) وَغَسْـلِ‮ ‬الْـجُـمُعَةِ (and used for the ghusl the Jumuʿah prayer), قَـوْلاَنَ (there are two views) بِـالْـكَرَاهَـةِ (concerning the disliked of it) عَدَمِهَا (and the absence of a dislike for it).

Chapter 14 Mudawwanah – The Chapter Concerning the Person Who Forgets to Do الـْمَضْمَضَة (Rinsing the Mouth with Water While Swishing It Around and Spitting It Out), الاِسْتِنْشَاق (Inhaling Water Up into the Nostrils) and مَسْحَ الأُذُنَيْـنِ (Wiping Over Both Ears); and About the Person Who Separates Some Parts of His Wuḍuu’ or Ghusl Either Intentionally or out of Forgetfulness

فِيمَنْ‮ ‬نَسِيَ‮ ‬الْـمَضْمَضَةَ‮ ‬وَالاَسْتِنْشَاقَ‮ ‬وَمَسْحَ‮ ‬الأُذُنَيْـنِ‮ ‬وَمَنْ‮ ‬فَرَّقَ‮ ‬وُضُوءَهُ‮  أَوْ‮ ‬غُسْلَهُ‮ ‬مُتَعَمِّدًا أَوْ‮ ‬نَسِيَ‮ ‬بَعْضَهُ

The Chapter Concerning the Person Who Forgets to Do  الـْمَضْمَضَة (Rinsing the Mouth with Water While Swishing It Around and Spitting It Out), الاِسْتِنْشَاق (Inhaling Water Up into the Nostrils) and  مَسْحَ الأُذُنَيْـنِ (Wiping Over Both Ears); and About the Person Who Separates Some  Parts of His Wuḍuu’ or Ghusl Either Intentionally or out of Forgetfulness

قَالَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬وَقَالَ‮ ‬مَالِكٌ‮ ‬فِيمَنْ‮ ‬تَوَضَّأَ‮ ‬فَغَسَلَ‮ ‬وَجْهَهُ‮ ‬وَيَدَيْهِ‮ ‬ثُمَّ‮ ‬تَرَكَ‮ ‬أَنْ‮ ‬يَـمْسَحَ‮ ‬بِرَأْسِهِ‮ ‬وَتَرَكَ‮ ‬غَسْلَ‮ ‬رِجْلَيْهِ‮ ‬حَتَّى جَفَّ‮ ‬وُضُوءُهُ‮ ‬وَطَالَ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَقَالَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬إنْ‮ ‬كَانَ‮ ‬تَرَكَ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ ‬نَاسِيًا بَنَى عَلَى وُضُوئِهِ‮ ‬وَإِنْ‮ ‬تَطَاوَلَ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ ‬،‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬وَإِنْ‮ ‬كَانَ‮ ‬تَرَكَ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ ‬عَامِدًا اسْتَأْنَفَ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءَ

He (Ibn al-Qaasim) said that Maalik said, “In regards to the person who performs wuḍuu’ and leaves out washing his face and hands and leaves out wiping over his head and leaves out washing his feet until the water from his wuduu’ has dried for long a time, if he left these things undone out of forgetfulness, he should add them on to his wuḍuu’”; however if long time has passed, he said, “If he omitted these things intentionally, then he should renew the wuḍuu’.”

ابْنُ وَهْبٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَرْمَلَةَ أَنَّ رَجُلا جَاءَ إلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْـمُسَيِّبِ فَقَالَ إنِّي اغْتَسَلْتُ مِنْ الْـجَنَابَةِ وَنَسِيتُ أَنْ أَغْسِلَ رَأْسِي قَالَ فَأَمَرَ رَجُلاَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْـمَجْلِسِ أَنْ يَقُومَ مَعَهُ إلَى الْـمَطْهَرَةِ فَيَصُبَّ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ دَلْوًا مِنْ مَاءٍ

Ibn Wahb transmitted from Yaḥyaa bin Ayyuub from ʿAbdur Raḥmān bin Ḥarmalah that a man came to Saʿiid bin al-Musayyib and said, “I performed ghusl for الْـجَنَابَة (major impurity) and I forgot to wash my head.”  He (Yaḥyaa) said, “He ( Saʿiid bin al-Musayyib) ordered a man from the circle of people who were sitting there to stand up and come with him to washing area and he pour a bucket of water over his head.

قَالَ وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ وَمَنْ تَرَكَ الْـمَضْمَضَةَ وَالاَسْتِنْشَاقَ وَدَاخِلَ أُذُنَيْهِ فِي الْغُسْلَ مِنْ الْـجَنَابَةِ حَتَّى صَلَّى قَالَ يَتَمَضْمَضُ وَيَسْتَنْشِقُ لِـمَا يَسْتَقْبِلُ وَصَلاَتُهُ الَّتِي صَلَّى تَامَّةٌ

He (Ibn al-Qaasim) said that Maalik said, “Whoever leaves out الـْمَضْمَضَة and الاَسْتِنْشَاقَ and go on to wash the inside of his ears during ghusl for الْـجَنَابَة and has prayed, must do الـْمَضْمَضَة and الاَسْتِنْشَاقَ  for the next ṣalaah and the ṣalaah he a has already prayed.”

قَالَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬وَمَنْ‮ ‬تَرَكَ‮ ‬الْـمَضْمَضَةَ‮ ‬وَالاَسْتِنْشَاقَ‮ ‬وَمَسْحَ‮ ‬دَاخِلِ‮ ‬الأُذُنَيْـنِ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬الْغُسْلِ‮ ‬مِنْ‮ ‬الْـجَنَابَةِ‮ ‬وَاَلَّذِي‮ ‬تَرَكَ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬الْوُضُوءِ‮ ‬فَهُمَا سَوَاءٌ‮ ‬وَلْيَمْسَحْ‮ ‬دَاخِلَهُمَا فِيمَا‮ ‬يَسْتَقْبِلُ‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬ابْنُ‮ ‬وَهْبٍ‮ ‬عَنْ‮ ‬يُونُسَ‮ ‬بْنِ‮ ‬يَزِيدَ‮ ‬عَنْ‮ ‬رَبِيعَةَ‮ ‬بْنِ‮ ‬أَبِي‮ ‬عَبْدِ‮ ‬الرَّحْمَنِ‮ ‬أَنَّهُ‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬لَوْ‮ ‬نَسِيَهُ‮ ‬لَمْ‮ ‬يَكُنْ‮ ‬مِنْ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءِ‮

Ibn al-Qaasim said, “Whoever leaves out الـْمَضْمَضَة and الاَسْتِنْشَاقَ and wiping the inside of  the ears during ghusl for الْـجَنَابَة and whoever leaves that out during the performance of wuḍuu’ are in the same situation, he should wipe the inside of the ears for the next ṣalaah.”  Ibn Wahb said that Yuunus bin Yaziid transmitted from Rabiiʿah bin Abū Abdur Rahmaan that he said, “If he forgets it, it does not stop him from being in wuḍuu.’”

قَالَ‮ ‬ابْنُ‮ ‬وَهْبٍ‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬اللَّيْثُ‮ ‬بْنُ‮ ‬سَعْدٍ‮ ‬وَقَالَ‮ ‬يَحْيَى بْنُ‮ ‬سَعِيدٍ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬لَوْ‮ ‬نَسِيَ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ ‬حَتَّى صَلَّى لَمْ‮ ‬يَقُلْ‮ ‬لَهُ‮ ‬عُدْ‮ ‬لِصَلاَتِكَ‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَلَمْ‮ ‬نَرَ‮ ‬أَنَّ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ ‬يُنْقِصُ‮ ‬صَلاَتَهُ

Ibn Wahb said al-Layth bin Saʿd said that Yaḥyaa bin Saʿiid said, “When he forgot that until after he had prayed, he didn’t say to him ‘repeat your prayer’ nor are we of the opinion that it nullified his  salaah either. ”

قَالَ‮ ‬ابْنُ‮ ‬وَهْبٍ‮ ‬وَقَالَ‮ ‬ابْنُ‮ ‬شِهَابٍ‮ ‬وَعَطَاءُ‮ ‬بْنُ‮ ‬أَبِي‮ ‬رَبَاحٍ‮ ‬وَعُبَيْدُ‮ ‬اللَّهِ‮ ‬بْنُ‮ ‬عُمَرَ‮ ‬إنَّهُ‮ ‬لاََ‮ ‬يُعِيدُ‮ ‬إلَّا مِمَّا ذَكَرَ‮ ‬اللَّهُ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬كِتَابِهِ‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬ابْنُ‮ ‬وَهْبٍ‮ ‬وَقَالَهُ‮ ‬مَالِكٌ‮ ‬وَاللَّيْثُ‮ ‬بْنُ‮ ‬سَعْدٍ‮ ‬مِثْلَهُ‮

Ibn Wahb said that al-Layth, ibn Shihaab, ʿAṭaa’ bin Abū Rabaaḥ and ʿAbdullah bin ʿUmar said, “The worshipper repeats only what Allah has mention in His Book.”  Ibn Wahb said that Maalik and al-Layth bin Saʿd said the same thing.

قَالَ‮ ‬ابْنُ‮ ‬وَهْبٍ‮ ‬عَنْ‮ ‬يُونُسَ‮ ‬عَنْ‮ ‬رَبِيعَةَ‮ ‬أَنَّهُ‮ ‬كَانَ‮ ‬يَقُولُ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬إنَّ‮ ‬تَفْرِيقَ‮ ‬الْغُسْلِ‮ ‬مِمَّا‮ ‬يُكْرَهُ‮ ‬وَإِنَّهُ‮ ‬لَمْ‮ ‬يَكُنْ‮ ‬غُسْلاً‮ ‬حَتَّى‮ ‬يُتْبِعَ‮ ‬بَعْضُهُ‮ ‬بَعْضًا وَأَمَّا رَجُلٍ‮ ‬يُفَرِّقُ‮ ‬غُسْلَهُ‮ ‬مَا بَيْـنَ‮ ‬بُكْرَةٍ‮ ‬إِلَى الْعِشِي‮ ‬مُتَحَرِّيًا لِذَلِكَ‮ ‬فَإِنَّ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ ‬لَيْسَ‮ ‬بِغُسْلٍ‮ ‬،‮ ‬وَقَالَ‮ ‬مَالِكٌ‮ ‬وَاللَّيْثُ‮ ‬بْنُ‮ ‬سَعْدٍ‮ ‬مِثْلَهُ .

Ibn Wahb transmitted from Yuunis who transmitted from Rabiiʿah that he used to say, “The separation of  (the parts) of ghusl is among those things that are disliked.  It is not considered ghusl until each part follows immediately after the other.  As for the man who separates the parts of his ghusl from morning to evening intentionally, that is not considered ghusl. ”  Maalik and al-Layth bin Saʿd said the same thing.

Chapter 13 Mudawwanah – The Chapter Concerning What Has Been Said About Doing the Parts of Wuḍuu in Reverse

مَا جَاءَ‮ ‬فِي‮ ‬تَنْكِيسِ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءِ

The Chapter Concerning What Has Been Said About Doing the Parts of Wuḍuu in Reverse

قَالَ‮ ‬وَسَأَلْتُ‮ ‬مَالِكًا عَمَّنْ‮ ‬نَكَّسَ‮ ‬وُضُوءَهُ‮ ‬فَغَسَلَ‮ ‬رِجْلَيْهِ‮ ‬قَبْلَ‮ ‬يَدَيْهِ‮ ‬ثُمَّ‮ ‬وَجْهَهُ‮ ‬ثُمَّ‮ ‬صَلَّى‮ ‬،‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬صَلاَتُهُ‮ ‬مُجْزِئَةٌ‮ ‬عَنْهُ‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬قُلْتُ‮ ‬لَـمَالِكِ‮ ‬أَتَرَى لَهُ‮ ‬أَنْ‮ ‬يُعِيدَ‮ ‬الْوُضُوءَ‮ ‬؟ قَالَ‮ ‬ذَلِكَ‮ ‬أَحَبُّ‮ ‬إلَيَّ‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬وَلاَ‮ ‬أَدْرِي‮ ‬مَا وُجُوبُهُ‮

He (Ibn al-Qaasim) said, “I asked Maalik about the person who reverses the parts of his wuḍuu’ and washes his feet before hisom  hands, then his face, and then prays.”  He said, “His prayer is legal.”  He (Ibn al-Qaasim) said, “I said to Maalik: ‘Are you of the opinion that he should repeat wuḍuu’? ”  He said, “I prefer that, but I don’t know what is required of him.”

قَالَ‮ ‬ابْنُ‮ ‬وَهْبٍ‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬بَلَغَنِي‮ ‬عَنْ‮ ‬سَعِيدِ‮ ‬بْنِ‮ ‬أَبِي‮ ‬سَعِيدٍ‮ ‬الْـمَقْبُرِيِّ‮ ‬وَنُعَيْمِ‮ ‬بْنِ‮ ‬عَبْدِ‮ ‬اللَّهِ‮ ‬بْنِ‮ ‬عُمَرَ‮ ‬الْـمُجْمِرِ‮ ‬عَنْ‮ ‬أَبِي‮ ‬هُرَيْرَةَ‮ ‬قَالَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ { ‬قَالَ‮ ‬رَسُولُ‮ ‬اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّهُ‮ ‬عَلَيْهِ‮ ‬وَسَلَّمَ‮ ‬‭:‬‮ ‬إذَا تَوَضَّأَ‮ ‬أَحَدُكُمْ‮ ‬فَلْيَبْدَأْ‮ ‬بِـمَيَامِنِهِ

Ibn Wahb said, he (Ibn al-Qaasim) said, “It reached me from Saʿiid bin Abū Saʿiid al-Maqburii and Naʿiim bin ʿUmar al-Mujmar who transmitted from Abū Hurayrah who said the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه وسلّم said, ‘When any of you performs wuḍuu’, he should begin with his right side.’ ”

وَذَكَرَ وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْـجَرَّاحِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّهُمَا قَالاَ مَا نُبَالِي بَدَأْنَا بِأَيْسَارِنَا أَوْ بِأَيْـمَانِنَا

Wakiiʿ bin al-Jarraah transmitted from ʿAlī bin Abū Ṭaalib and ʿAbdullah bin Masʿuud that both of them said, “We don’t mind if we begin with our left or our right.”