فصل قُـضَاءُ مَـا فِـي الذِّمَّةِ مِـنَ الصَّلَوَات
Section فصل قُـضَاءُ مَـا فِـي الذِّمَّةِ مِـنَ الصَّلَوَات (Making Up What is Owed from Prayers [That Have Passed])
قُـضَاءُ مَـا فِـي الذِّمَّةِ مِـنَ الصَّلَوَات (Quḍaa’u maa fi-dh-dhimmati mina-ṣ-ṣalawaat [Making up what is owed from prayers [that have passed]) is obligatory. The neglect of them is unlawful. Whoever prays everyday five days (amount of owed prayers) is not one who is neglectful. He should make them up in the same manner as he would perform those prayers which have passed. If the prayer was حَـضَرِيِّة (ḥaḍariyyah [a prayer prayed at home]) then he should make it up as ḥaḍariyyah. If the prayer was سَـفَرِيَّة (safariyyah [a traveling prayer]), then he should make it up as safariyyah. Likewise, if the time of the prayer being made up was (missed) فِـي حَـضَر (fii ḥaḍar [at home], it should be prayed as حَـضَرِيِّة (ḥaḍariyyah [a prayer prayed at home] (even if the time for it occurs during travel) or (if the prayer being made up was missed) فِـي سَـفَر (fii safar [during travel], it should be perform as سَـفَرِيَّة (safariyyah [a traveling prayer]) (even if the time for it occurs while one is not traveling).
وَالتَّرْتِيبُ بَيْـنَ الْـحَاضِرَتَيْـنِ وَبَيْـنَ يَسِيرِ الْفَوَائِتِ مَعَ الْـحَاضِرَةِ وَاجِبٌ مَعَ الذِّكْرِ وَالْيَسِيرُ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ فَأَدْنَى وَمَنْ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ فَأَقَلَّ صَلَاهَا قَبْلَ الْـحَاضِرَةِ وَلَوْ خَرَجَ وَقْتُهَا وَيَجُوزُ الْقَضَاءُ فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ وَلَا يَتَنَقَّلُ مَنْ عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَلَا يُصَلِّي الضُّحَى وَلَا قِيَامَ رَمَضَانَ
The observance of التَّرْتِـيب (at-tartiib [consecutive order]) between الْـحَاضَـرَتيْـن (al-ḥaaḍaratayn [two most recent prayers]) and (the observance of التَّرْتِيب (at-tartiib [sequential order]) between يَسِـيرُ الْفَوَائِـت (yasiiru-l-fawaa’iti [a small amount of missed obligatory prayers]) (being made up) in conjunction with the current prayer is obligatory when it is remembered. الْيَسِـير (al-yasiir [The small amount] is (defined as) four prayers at the most. Whoever has to perform four prayers or less must perform them before doing الْـحَاضَـرَة (al-ḥaaḍarah [the prayer that is the most recent]), even if the time for that prayer has expired. It is permissible to do a prayer that is owed at any time. Whoever has to perform missed prayers does not pray النَّافِـلَة (an-Naafilah [The supererogatory prayers]) nor does he pray الضُّحَى (aḍ-Ḍuḥaa [forenoon prayer]), nor قِـيَام رَمَـضَانَ (qiyaamu Ramaḍaan [taraawiih prayer]).
وَلَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ إِلاَّ الشَّفْعُ وَالْوِتْرُ وَالْفَجْرُ وَالْعِيدَانِ وَالْـخُسُوفُ وَالِاسْتِسْقَاءُ
There is no supererogatory that the person praying is permitted to perform except الشَّفْعُ ash-Shafʿu [the even number of rakʿah] that is to say the two rakʿahs of ṣalaah which are performed after ʿIshaa’ prayer]) and الْـوِتْـر (al-Witr [the odd rakʿah] that is to say the single rakʿah of salaah which is also performed after ʿIshaa’), الْفَجْـر (al-fajr [the dawn prayer]), الْـعِيدَان (al-ʿiidaan [the twoʿĪd prayers]), الْـخُسُوف (al-khusuuf [the prayer of the lunar and solar eclipse]), and الإِسْـتِقَاء al-istisqaa’ [the prayer for rain]).
وَيََجُوزُ لِـمَنْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَضَاءُ أن يُصَلُّوا جَمَاعَةً إِذَا اسْتَوَتْ صَلَاتُهُمْ
For those who have to pray missed prayer(s), it is permissible for them to pray جَـمَاعَـتًا (jamaaʿatan [as a group]) if the prayer(s) they’ve missed are the same.
وَمَْنْ نَسِيَ عَدَدَ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْقَضَاءِ صَلَّى عَدَدًا لَا يَبْقَى مَعَهُ شَكُّ
Whoever has forgotten the number of missed prayers he owes should pray an amount (of prayers) wherein no doubt would remain concerning it.
