فَصْلٌ فِي شُرُوطِ الصَّلاَةِ
The Section Concerning شُرُوطُ الصَّلاَة (The Conditions Of Ṣalaah)
وَشُرُطُ الصَّلاَةِ طَهَارَةُ الْـحَدَثِ وَطَهَارَةُ الْـخَبَثِ مِنَ الْبَدَنِ وَالثَّوْبِ وَالـمَكَانِ وَسَتْرُ الْعَوْرَةِ وَاسْتَقْبَالُ الْقِبْلَةِ ، وَتَرْكُ الْكَلَامِ وَتَرْكُ الأَفْعَالِ الْكَثِيرَةِ .
شُـرُوطُ الصَّلاَة (Shuruuṭu-ṣ-ṣalaat [The conditions of prayer]) are: طَـهَارََةُ الْحَـدَث (ṭahaaratu-l-ḥ˙adath [purification of the body from minor and major impurities]) and طَـهََارَةُ الْخَـبَث (ṭahaaratu-l-khabath [purification of the body, clothing and place of worship from impure substances]), سَـتْرُ الْـعَوْرَة (sitru-l-ʿawrah [the covering of the private parts], إِسْـتِقْبَالُ الْـقِبْلَة (istiqbaalu-l-qiblah [facing towards the direction of the Kaʿbah]), تُـرْكُ الْـكَلاَم(turku-l-kalaam [ceasing and desisting from speech and تُـرْكُ الاَفْـعَال الْـكَثِير (turku-l-afʿaali-l-kathiir [ceasing and desisting from a lot of actions (movement)]) (that are not connected to worship).
وَعَوْرَةُ الرَّجُلِ مَا بَيْـنَ السُّرُّةِ إِلَى الرُّكْبَةِ وَالْـمَرَأةُ كُلَّهَا عَوْرَةٌ مَا عَدَا الْوَجْهَ وَالْكَفُيْـنِ .
الْـعَوْرَة ( Al-ʿAwrah [The nakedness]) of a man lies between السُّرَّة (as-surrah [the naval]) and الرُّكْـبَة (ar-rukbah [the knee]). And the woman – all of her body is ʿAwrah, except for her face and hands up to the wrist.
وَتَكَرهُ الصَّلَاةُ فِي السَّرَاوِيلِ إِلاَّ إِذَا كَانَ فَوْقَهَا شَيْءٌ .
Praying in السَّرَاوِيل (as-saraawiil [trousers]) is greatly disliked, unless something is being worn over them.
وَمَنْ تَنَجَّسَ ثَوْبُهُ وَلَمَ يَجِدْ ثَوْبَا غَيْرََهُ وَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَاءً يَغْسِلُهُ بِهِ أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مَا يَلْبَسُ حَتَّى يَغْسِلَهُ وَخَافََ خُرُوجَ الْوَقْتِ صَلّى بِنَجَاسَتِهِ وَلَا يَجُوزُ تَأْخِيرُ الصَّلَاةِ لِعَدَمَ الطَّهَارَةِ . وَمَنْ فَعَلَ ذالِكَ فَقَدْ عَصَى رَبَّهُ
Whoever has polluted his clothing and is unable to find other clothing or is unable to find water to wash them or does not have anything with him he can wear until he washes them or fears that the time of the prayer will go out, should pray in spite of it (the pollution of the garment). Delaying the prayer is not permitted because of impurity. Whosoever does that (delays prayer) is disobedient to his Lord.
وَمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يَسْتَرُ بِهِ عَوْرَتَهُ صَلَّى عَرْيَانًا .
Whoever does not find something to cover his عَـوْرَة (ʿawrah [nakedness]) should pray عَـرْيَـانًـا (ʿaryaanan [naked]).
وَمَنْ أَخْطَأَ الْقَبْلَةَ أَعَادَ فِي الَوَقٍتِ
Whoever makes a mistake with regards to the direction of الْـقِبْلَة (al-qiblah [the direction of Makkah]) must repeat the prayer within the designated time.
وَكُلُّ إِعًادَةٍ فِي الْوَقْتِ فَهِيَ فَضِيلَةٌ وَكلُّ مَا تُعَادُ مِنْهُ الصَّلَاةُ فِي الْوَقْتِ فَلَا تُعَادُ مِنْهُ الْفَائِتَةُ وَالنَّافِلَةُ .
Every repetition (of the farḍ ṣalaah) in the designated time is a meritorious action, and every part of it should be repeated. However, الْفَائِـتَة (al-faa’itah [the supererogatory prayers) and النَّافِـلَة (an-naafilah [meritorious prayers]) that are connected to the farḍ salaah are not repeated.
(فصل)
Section: (Faraa’iḍu-ṣ-Ṣalaah [The Obligatory Actions of the Prayer])
فَرَائِضُ الصَّلَاةِ :
فََـرَائِـضُ الصَّلاَة (Faraa’iḍu-ṣ-Ṣalaah [The obligatory actions of prayer]) are:
نِيَّةُ الصَّلَاةِ الْـمُعَيَّنَةِ ،
النِّيَّة (an-niyyah [the intention]) to perform the scheduled ṣalaah (in other words the prayer that is due to be performed in its prescribed time period such as: Maghrib, Ṣubh etc),
وَتَكْبِيرَةُ الإِحُرَامِ ،
تَّكْبِيرَةُ الإِحْـرَام (takbiiratu-l-iḥraam [saying Allahu Akbar]) (at the beginning of the prayer) and الْـقِيَام (al-qiyaam [standing for the prayer]),
وَالْفاَتِـحَةُ وَالْقِيَامِ لَهَا ،
الْـفَاتِـحَة وَالْـقِيَام لَـهُ (Al-Faatiḥah wa-l-qiyaam lahu [the reading of al-Faatiḥah while standing for it]),
والرُّكُوعُ وَالرَّفْعُ مِنْهُ ،
الرُّكُوع (ar-rukuuʿ [bowing with the hands on the knees]) and الرَّفْـعُ مِـنْهُ (ar-rafʿu minhu [rising up from ar-rukuuʿ] to al-qiyaam – the standing position),
وَالسُّجُود عَلَى الْـجَبْهَةِ ، وَالرَّفْعُ مِنْهُ ،
السُّجُود (as-sujuud [the position of prostrating with the forehead touching the ground]) and ar-rafʿu minhu [rising up from Sujuud,
وَالِاعْتِدَالُ ، وَالطُّمَأْنِينَةُ،
الإِعْـتِدَالُ وَالطَّمَأْنِـينَة (al-iʿtidaalu wa-ṭ-ṭama’niinah [calmness and collectedness]),
وَالتَّرْتِيبْ بَيْـنَ فَرَائِضِهَا ،
التَّرتِـيب بَـيْنَ فَـرَائِـضِهَا (at-tartiib bayna-l-faraa’iḍihaa [the correct order for each obligatory act of ṣalaah],
والسَّلَامُ ، وَجَلُوسُهُ الَّذِي يُقَارِنُهُ .
السَّلاَم وَجُـلُوسُـهُ (as-salaam wa juluusuhu [saying As-Salaamu-Alaykum] while sitting for it, both of which are done simultaneously (that is to say: the Salaam and the sitting).
وَشُرُوطُ النِّيَّةِ مُقَارَنَتُهَا لِتَكْبِيرَةِ الإِحْرَامِ .
شُـرْطُ النِّيَّة (Shruuṭu-n-niyyah [The conditions for making the intention)] is that it (the intention) be joined with the takbiiratu-l-iḥraam (in the beginning of each prayer).
(وَسْنَنُهَا) :
سُـنَـنُ الصَّلاَة (Sunanu-ṣ-ṣalaah [the Sunnah Acts of Prayer] are:
الإِقَامَةُ ،
الإِقَـامَـة (al-iqaamah [the call for the worshippers to line-up for prayer]),
والسّورَة الَّتِي بَعْدَ الْفَاتِـحَةِ وَالْقِيَامُ لَهَا ،
السُّورَة (as-suurah (the chapter) which is read after al-Faatiḥah and القِيَام لَـهَا (al-qiyaam lahaa [standing for it (the prayer)],
وَالسِّرُّ فِيمَا يُسًرُّ فِيهِ وَالْـجَهْرُ فِيمَا يُجْهَرُ فِيهِ ،
السِّرُّ فِـيمَا يُسِـرُّ فِـيهِ (as-sirru fiimaa yussirru [silence in the prayer where silence is required]), الْجَهْـرُ فِـيمَا يُجْهَرُ (al-jahru fiimaa yujharu [to be audible in that which is required to be said aloud]),
وَسَمِعَ اللهُ لـِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ ،
and to say: سَـمِعَ اللهُ لِـمَـنْ حَـمِدَهُ (samiʿa-l-laahu li-man ḥamidah [Surely Allah hears who praises Him].
وَكُلُّ تَكْبِيرًةٍ سُنَّةٌ إِلاَّ الأُولَى ،
Every تَـكْبِيرَة (takbiirah [saying Allahu Akbar [Allah is the Greatest]) is a Sunnah, except for the first takbiir (which is farḍ [obligatory]),
وَالتَّشَهُّدَانِ وَالْـجُلُوسُ لَهُمَا ،
and التَّشَهُّدَان وَالْـجُـلُوسُ لَـهُمَا (at-ta-shah-hudaani wa juluusu lahumaa [the two supplications that are said while sitting]),
وَتَقْدِيمُ الْفَاتِـحَةِ عَلَى السُّورَةِ ،
تَقْدِيمُ الْـفَاتِـحَةُ عَـلَى السُّورة (taqdiimu-l-Faatiḥah ʿala-s-suurah [the reading of the Faatiḥah before reading as-Suurah [the chapter or verse of Qur’an is read]),
وَالتَسْلِيمَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ وَالثَّالِثَةُ لِلْمَأْمُومِ وَالْـجَهْرُ بِالتَّسْلِيمَةِ الْوَاجِبَةِ ،
التَّسْـلِيمَةُ الثَّانِـيَة وَالثَّالِـثَة (at-tasliimatu-thaaniyah wa-th-thaalithah [the second and the third Salaam said by الـْـمَأْمُـوم (al-ma’muum [the one who is praying behind the Imam]), and the saying of Salaam loudly is الْـوَاجِـبَة (al-waajibah [a necessary sunnah] that is to say, that it must be done),
وَالصَّلَاةُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ،
الْـصَلاَةُ عَـلَى رَسُـولِ اللَّهِ (aṣ-ṣalaatu ʿalaa Rasuuli-l-laahi [the prayer upon the Messenger of Allah]) May Blessings of Allah be upon him,
وَالسُّجُودُ عَلَى الأَنْفِ وَالْكَفَّيْـنِ وَالرُّكْبَتَيْـنِ وَأَطٌرَافِ الْقَدَمَيْـنِ
السُّجُود (as-sujuud [prostrating]) upon الأَنْـف (al-anf [the nose]), الْـكَفَّيْـنِ (al-kaffayni [the two palms]), الرُّكْـبَتَيْـنِ (ar-rukbatayni [the knees] and أَطْـرَافُ الْقَدَمَيْـنِ (aṭraafu-l-qadamayni [the tips of the toes]),
وَالسُّتْرَةُ لِغَيْرِ الْـمَأْمُومِ وَأَقَلُّهَا غِلَظُ رُمْحٍ وَطُولُ ذِرَاعٍ طَاهِرٍ ثَابِتٍ غَيْرُ مَشَوَّشٍ
السُّتْرُ (as-satr [the barrier]) (which is placed in the path between the praying and) غَـيْرِ الْـمَأْمُـوم (ghayru ma’muum [the non-praying person]) at least the size of رَمْـحٍ (ramḥ [a spear]) which is طُولُ ذِرَاعٍ (ṭuulu dhiraaʿ[is an arms length],) طَاهِرٍ (ḍhaahirin [in plain sight]), ثَـابِـتٍ (thaabitin [firmly placed]) and غَـيْرُ مُـشَوِّشٍ (ghayru mushawwish [non-distracting]) (to the person praying).
(وَفَضَائِلُهَا)
فَـضَآئِـلُ الصَّلاَة (Faḍaa’ilu-ṣ-ṣalaah [The Meritorious Acts of Prayer]) are:
رَفْعُ الْيَدَيْنِ عِنْدَ الإِحْرَامِ حَتَّى تُقَابِلَا الأُذُنَيْـنِ ،
رَفَـعُ الْـيَدَيْـنِ (rafʿu-l-yadayni [raising the hands]) with الإِحْـرَام (al-iḥraam [the pronouncement of Allahu Akbar [Allah is the Greatest]) until تُـقَابِـلاَ الأُذُنَـيْنِ (tuqaabilaa-l-udhunayn [they are up to the level of the ears]),
وَقَوْلُ الْـمَأْمُومِ وَالْفَذِّ : رَبَّنَا وَلَكَ الْـحَمْدُ ،
the saying of the phrase رَبَّنَا وَلَـكَ الْحَـمْد (Rabbanaa wa laka-l-Ḥamd [Our Lord and for You is the Praise] by الْـمَأْمُـوم (al-ma’muum [the one who is praying behind an Imam]) and الْفَذّ (al-fadh-dhu [the one who is praying alone]),
وَالتَّأْمِينُ بَعْدَ الْفَاتِـحَةِ لَلْفَذَّ وَالْـمَأْمُومِ وَلَا يَقُولُهَا الإمَامُ إِلاَّ فِي قِرَاءَةِ السِّرِّ ،
saying آمِـين [Aamiin] after the (recitation) of Al-Faatiḥah by الْفَذّ (al-fadh-dhu [the one who is praying alone]) and الْـمَأْمُـوم (al-ma’muum [the one who is praying behind an Imam]) – while (the Imam should say it (aamiin) silently),
وَالتَسْبِيحُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالدُّعَاءُ فِي السُّجُودِ ،
التَّسْـبِيح فِـي الرُّكُـوع (at-tasbiiḥ fi-r-rukuuʿ (the saying of سُـبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْـعَظِيم (Subḥaana Rabbiya-l-ʿAḍhiim [Glory to Allah the Mighty]) while in rukuuʿ, and الدُّعَـاء فِـي السُّجُود (ad-duʿaa’ fi-s-sujuud [saying سُـبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الأَعْـلَى - Subḥaana Rabbiya -l-Aʿlaa - Glory to Allah the Most High while prostrating with the forehead and nose on the ground]),
وَتَطْوِيلُ الْقِرَاءَةِ فِي الصُّبْحِ وَالظُّهْرُ تَلِيهَا وَتَقْصِيرُهَا فِي الْعَصْرِ وَالْـمَغْرِبِ، وَتَوَسُّطُهَا فِي الُعِشَاءِ ،
تَـطْوِيلُ الْـقِرَاءَة فِـي الصُّبْحِ وَالظُّهْـر (taṭwiilu-l-qiraa’ah fi-ṣ-ṣubḥ [the recitation of a long passage from the Qur’an in the morning prayer]) and (aḍh-ḍhuhr [the midday prayer]), تَـقْصِيرُهَـا في الْـعَصْر وَالْـمَغْرِب (taqsiiruhaa [the shortening of it (that is to say, the recitation of a shorter passage from the Qur’an in al-Aṣr [the mid-afternoon prayer] and al-Maghrib [the prayer of sunset]) and تَـوَسُّطُهَا فِـي الْـعِشَاء (tawassuṭuhaa [the recitation of a passage from the Qur’an which is not too long nor not too short]) in al-ʿIshaa’ [the evening prayer].
وَتَكُونُ السُّورَةُ الأُولَى قَبْلَ الثَّانِيَةِ وَأَطْوَلَ مِنْهَا ،
The suurah in the first (rakʿah) should be one that comes before the suurah in the second (rakʿah) and it (the first suurah) should be longer than the second,
وَالْهَيْئَةُ الْـمَعْلُومَةُ فِي الرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ وَالْـجُلُوسُ ،
الْهَـيْئَةُ الْـمَـعْلُوم (al-hay’atu-l-maʿluum [ knowledge of the aspects of]) الرُّكُـوع (ar-rukuuʿ [bowing], السُّجُود (as-sujuud [prostrating] and الْجُـلُوس (al-juluus [sitting]),
وَالْقُنُوتُ سِرًّا قَبْلَ الرُّكُوعِ وَبَعْدَ السُّورَةِ فِِي ثِانِيَةِ الصُّبْحِ وَيَجُوز الركوع،
(the recitation of) الْـقُنُوت (al-qunuut) read سِـرّا (sirran [silently] قَـبْلُ الرُّكُـوع (qablu-r-rukuuʿ [before bowing with the hands on the knees] and بَـعْدُ السُّورَة (baʿdu-s-suurah [after the reading of the suurah]) in the second (rakʿah) of الصُّبْح (aṣ-ṣubḥ [the morning prayer]), and it is also permitted after rukuuʿ,
وَالدُّعَاءِ بَعْدَ التَّشَهُّدِ الثَّانِي ،
(ad-duʿaa’ baʿda at-ta-shah-hud [the supplication after at-ta-shah-hudu-th-thaanii [the second tashah-hud],
وَيَكُونُ التَّشَهُّدُ الثّانِي أَطْوَلَ مِنَ الأَوَّلِ ،
التَّشَهُّد الثَّانِـي (at-ta-shah-hudu-th-thaanii [the second tashah-hud] should be longer than الأَوَّل (al-awwal [the first]),
وَالتَّيَامنُ بِالسَّلَامِ ،
التَّيَامُـنُ بِـالسَّلاَمِ (at-tayaamunu bi-s-Salaam [turning to the right to say As-Salaamu-Alaykum]),
وَتَـحْرِيكُ السَّبَّابَةِ فِي التَّشَهُّدِ .
تَـحْـرِيكُ السَّبَّابَـة (taḥriiku-s-sabbaabah [the movement of the finger]) فِـي التَّشَهُّد (fit-ta-shah-hud [in the ta-shah-hud]).
وَيَكْرَهُ الاْلتِفَاتُ فِي الصَّلاَةِ وَتَغْمِيضُ الْعَيْنَيْـنِ وَالْبَسْمَلَةُ وَالتَّعَوُّذُ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ وَيَجُوزَانِ فِي النَّقْلِ .
الإِلْـتِفَاتُ فِـي الصَّلاَة (al-iltifaatu fii-ṣ-ṣalaah [Turning around in prayer]). تَـغْمِيضُ الْـعَيْنَينِ (taghmiiḍu-l-ʿaynayn [Closing the eyes]), saying البَسْمَلَة (al-Basmalah [بِـسمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْـمَــن الرَّحِـيم - Bismi-l-laahi-r-Raḥmaani-r-Raḥiim (audibly) and saying التَّعَوُّذ (at-taʿawwudh [أَعُـوذُ بِـاللَّهِ مِـنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِـيم - Aʿuudhu bi-l-laahi mina-sh-shayṭaani-r-rajiim] in الْـفَرِيضَة (al-fariiḍah [the obligatory prayer]) are all يَـكْرَه (yakrah [disliked]), however الْـبَسْمَلَة (al-Basmalah) and التَّعُوذ (at-Taʿawwudh) are permitted to be said in النَّفْل (an-nafl [the supererogatory prayer]).
وَالْوُقُوفُ عَلَى رِجْلٍ وَاحِدَةٍ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَطُولَ قِيَامُهُ وَاقْتِرَانُ رِجْلَيْهِ وَجَعْلُ دِرْهَمٍ أْوْ غَيْرِهِ فِي فَمِهِ وَكَذالِكَ كُلّ ُمَا يَشَوِّشُهُ فِي جَيْبِهِ أَوْ كُمِّهِ وَعَلَى ظَهْرِهِ وَالتَّفَكُّرُ فِي أُمُورِ الدُّنْيَا وَكُلُّ مَا يَشْغَلُهُ عَنِ الْـخُشُوعِ فِي الصَّلَاةِ .
الْـوُقُـوف عَـلَى رِجْـلٍ وَاحِـدٍ (Al-Wuquuf ʿalaa rijlin waaḥid [Standing on one foot]) unless أن يطول قِـيَامُـهُ (an yaṭuul qiyaamuhu [the person who is praying - his standing is long]), اِقْـتِرَانُ رِجْـلَيْهِ (iqtiraanu rijlayhi [the person praying bring his feet together]), keeping دِرهَـم (dirham [a coin]) or any other thing in فَـمُه (famuh [his mouth], and similarly, carrying anything in جَـيْبُه (jaybuh [his pocket] or كُـمِّه (kummih [his sleeve]) or عَـلَى ظَهْـرِه (ʿalaa ḍhahrih [on his back]) (that will distract him during his prayer), التَّفَكُّرُ فِـي أُمُـورُ الدُّنْـيَا (at-tafakkuru fii umuuru-d-dunyaa [pre-occupation with affairs of the world]) and everything else which distracts him from الْـخُشُوعُ فِـي الصَّلاَة (al-khushuuʿ fii-ṣ-ṣalaah [humility in prayer]) (are all يَـكْرَه - yakrah [greatly disliked]).
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لِلصَّلَاةِ نُورٌ عَظِيمٌ تُشْرِقُ بِهِ قُلُوبُ الُـمُصَلِّينَ وَلَا يَنَالُهُ إِلاَّ الْـخَاشِعُونَ .
The (Muslim) prayer has a great light by which the hearts of the worshippers are illuminated, and it (the light) does not reach anyone except the humble.
فإَذَا أَتَيْتَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ فَفَرِّغْ قَلْبَكَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا وَاشْتَعِلُ بِـمُرَاقَبَةِ مَوْالَاكَ الَّذِي تُصَلِّى لِوَجْهِهِ وَاعْتَقِدْ أَنَّ الصَّلَاةَ خُشُوعٌ وَتَوَاضُعٌ لَلهِ سُبْحَانَهُ بِالْقِيَامِ وَالرُّكُوعِ وَالسُّجُودِ وَإِجَلَالٌ وَتَعْظِيمٌ لَهُ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ وَالتَّسْبِيحِ وَالذِّكْرِ .
So when you come to prayer, empty your heart of the world and what is in it. Become devoted to the observing your Lord Whom you stand before in pray. And believe firmly that the Salaah is an act of submission and humbleness for the sake of Allah Glory be to Him by way of الْـقِيَام (al-qiyaam [the standing]) and الرُّكُـوع (ar-rukuuʿ [the bowing]) and السُّجُود (as-sujuud [the prostration]) and إِجْـلاَل وَتَـعْظِيم لَـهُ (ijlaal wa taʿḍhiim lahu [exaltation and glorification of Him]) by means of التَّكْبِير (at-takbiir [saying: اللهُ أَكْـبَر - Allahu Akbar]), التسْبِيح at-tasbiiḥ (saying: Sub˙aana-l-laah]) and by الذِكْر ( adh-dhikr [the remembrance of Allah]).
فَحَافِظْ عَلَى صَلَاتِكَ فَإنَّهَا أَعْظَمُ الْعِبَادَاتِ وَلَا تَتْرُكِ الشَّيْطَانَ يَلْعَبُ بِقََلْبِكَ ويَشْغَلُكَ عَنْ صَلاَتِكَ حَتَّى يَطْمِسَ قَلْبَكَ وَيَحْرِمَكَ مِنْ لَذَّةِ أَنْوَارِ الصَّلَاةِ .
Guard your prayer for it is the most important (form) of worship. And do not let Shaytaan play with your heart and distract you from your prayer until he destroys your heart and causes you to be cut off from the pleasure of the illuminations of prayer.
فَعَلَيْكَ بَدَوَامِ الْـخُشُوعِ فِيهَا فَإنَّهَا تَنْهَى عَنِ الْفَحْشَاءِ وَالْـمُنْكَرِ بِسَبَبِ الْـخُشُوعِ فِيهَا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللهِِ أَنَّهُ خَيْرُ مُسْتَعَانٍ .
It is incumbent upon you to be constantly humble in it (prayer) for it keeps vile and reprehensible actions in check due to the humility (observed) in it and thus, seek help from Allah for He is خُـيْرُ مُسْـتَعَان (khayru mustaʿaan [the Best of helpers]).
